NMI December 2016 Report
Economic activity in the non-manufacturing sector grew in December for the 83rd consecutive month, say the nation’s purchasing and supply executives in the latest Non-Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business®.
The report was issued today by Anthony Nieves, CPSM, C.P.M., CFPM, chair of the Institute for Supply Management® (ISM®) Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee. “The NMI® equaled its 12-month high by registering 57.2 percent in December, matching the November figure. This represents continued growth in the non-manufacturing sector at the same rate. The Non-Manufacturing Business Activity Index decreased to 61.4 percent, 0.3 percentage point lower than the November reading of 61.7 percent, reflecting growth for the 89th consecutive month, at a slightly slower rate in December. The New Orders Index registered 61.6 percent, 4.6 percentage points higher than the reading of 57 percent in November. The Employment Index decreased 4.4 percentage points in December to 53.8 percent from the November reading of 58.2 percent. The Prices Index increased 0.7 percentage point from the November reading of 56.3 percent to 57 percent, indicating prices increased in December for the ninth consecutive month at a slightly faster rate. According to the NMI®, 12 non-manufacturing industries reported growth in December. The non-manufacturing sector closed out the year strong, maintaining its rate of month-over-month growth. Respondents’ comments are mostly positive about business conditions and the overall economy.”
INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE
The 12 non-manufacturing industries reporting growth in December — listed in order — are: Mining; Retail Trade; Finance & Insurance; Information; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Construction; Other Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Utilities; Transportation & Warehousing; and Accommodation & Food Services. The three industries reporting contraction in December are: Public Administration; Wholesale Trade; and Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting.
WHAT RESPONDENTS ARE SAYING …
- “New business slowed a little bit, but we are still growing. The key headwinds are [the] holiday season and [also] capex [capital expenditures] tightening due to end of year budgets.” (Construction)
- “Steady with optimism.” (Finance & Insurance)
- “Business is the same and at the same volumes as last month.” (Health Care & Social Assistance)
- “Very busy end to the 4th Qtr due to customers’ year-end spending boost.” (Mining)
- “Activity seems to be increasing as more potential client inquiries have been coming in.” (Professional, Scientific & Technical Services)
- “Labor, especially construction labor and construction subcontractors, continue to be in short supply.” (Public Administration)
- “Sales increasing due to [the] holidays.” (Retail Trade)
- “Distribution of finished goods ahead of last year and forecasts in all channels. E-commerce [has the] strongest growth.” (Transportation & Warehousing)
| ISM® NON-MANUFACTURING SURVEY RESULTS AT A GLANCECOMPARISON OF ISM® NON-MANUFACTURING AND ISM® MANUFACTURING SURVEYS*DECEMBER 2016 | |||||||||
| Index | Non-Manufacturing | Manufacturing | |||||||
| Series Index Dec | Series Index Nov | Percent Point Change | Direction | Rate of Change | Trend** (Months) | Series Index Dec | Series Index Nov | Percent Point Change | |
| NMI®/PMI® | 57.2 | 57.2 | 0.0 | Growing | Same | 83 | 54.7 | 53.2 | +1.5 |
| Business Activity/ Production | 61.4 | 61.7 | -0.3 | Growing | Slower | 89 | 60.3 | 56.0 | +4.3 |
| New Orders | 61.6 | 57.0 | +4.6 | Growing | Faster | 89 | 60.2 | 53.0 | +7.2 |
| Employment | 53.8 | 58.2 | -4.4 | Growing | Slower | 7 | 53.1 | 52.3 | +0.8 |
| Supplier Deliveries | 52.0 | 52.0 | 0.0 | Slowing | Same | 12 | 52.9 | 55.7 | -2.8 |
| Inventories | 52.0 | 51.5 | +0.5 | Growing | Faster | 4 | 47.0 | 49.0 | -2.0 |
| Prices | 57.0 | 56.3 | +0.7 | Increasing | Faster | 9 | 65.5 | 54.5 | +11.0 |
| Backlog of Orders | 48.0 | 51.0 | -3.0 | Contracting | From Growing | 1 | 49.0 | 49.0 | 0.0 |
| New Export Orders | 53.0 | 57.0 | -4.0 | Growing | Slower | 4 | 56.0 | 52.0 | +4.0 |
| Imports | 50.0 | 54.0 | -4.0 | Unchanged | From Growing | 1 | 50.5 | 50.5 | 0.0 |
| Inventory Sentiment | 61.5 | 60.5 | +1.0 | Too High | Faster | 235 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Customers’ Inventories | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 49.0 | 49.0 | 0.0 |
| Overall EconomyNon-Manufacturing Sector | Growing | Same | 89 | ||||||
| Growing | Same | 83 |
*Non-Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business® data is seasonally adjusted for the Business Activity, New Orders, Prices and Employment Indexes. Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business® data is seasonally adjusted for New Orders, Production, Employment and Supplier Deliveries.
**Number of months moving in current direction.
COMMODITIES REPORTED UP/DOWN IN PRICE, AND IN SHORT SUPPLY
Commodities Up in Price
Copper (3); Corrugated Boxes (2); #1 Diesel Fuel (4); #2 Diesel Fuel; Fuel (2); Gasoline* (3); Labor (3); Medical Supplies; Natural Gas; Paper; Shrimp; Soy Products; Stainless Steel Products; and Steel Products.
Commodities Down in Price
Beef (5); Butter; Cheese; Corn; Gasoline*; and Lumber Products.
Commodities in Short Supply
Lab Supplies; Labor (15); Labor — Construction (9); and Labor — Temporary (4).
Note: The number of consecutive months the commodity is listed is indicated after each item.
*Reported as both up and down in price.
DECEMBER 2016 NON-MANUFACTURING INDEX SUMMARIES
NMI®
In December, the NMI® registered 57.2 percent, the same reading registered in November, indicating continued growth in the non-manufacturing sector for the 83rd consecutive month. A reading above 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates the non-manufacturing sector is generally contracting.
An NMI® above 48.9 percent, over a period of time, generally indicates an expansion of the overall economy. Therefore, the December NMI® indicates growth for the 89th consecutive month in the overall economy, and indicates expansion in the non-manufacturing sector for the 83rd consecutive month. Nieves stated, “The past relationship between the NMI® and the overall economy indicates that the NMI® for December (57.2 percent) corresponds to a 3.3 percent increase in real gross domestic product (GDP) on an annualized basis.”
NMI® HISTORY
| Month | NMI® | Month | NMI® |
| Dec 2016 | 57.2 | Jun 2016 | 56.5 |
| Nov 2016 | 57.2 | May 2016 | 52.9 |
| Oct 2016 | 54.8 | Apr 2016 | 55.7 |
| Sep 2016 | 57.1 | Mar 2016 | 54.5 |
| Aug 2016 | 51.4 | Feb 2016 | 53.4 |
| Jul 2016 | 55.5 | Jan 2016 | 53.5 |
| Average for 12 months – 55.0High – 57.2Low – 51.4 |
Business Activity
ISM®‘s Business Activity Index in December registered 61.4 percent, a decrease of 0.3 percentage point from the November reading of 61.7 percent. This represents growth in business activity for the 89th consecutive month. Eleven industries reported increased business activity and four industries reported decreased activity for the month of December. Comments from respondents include: “Expanded business base” and “Business activity has remained strong and continues to increase.”
The 11 industries reporting growth of business activity in December — listed in order — are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Retail Trade; Mining; Information; Construction; Utilities; Health Care & Social Assistance; Transportation & Warehousing; Finance & Insurance; Other Services; and Professional, Scientific & Technical Services. The four industries reporting a decrease in business activity in December are: Educational Services; Public Administration; Wholesale Trade; and Accommodation & Food Services.View Table Fullscreen
| Business Activity | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 34 | 49 | 17 | 61.4 |
| Nov 2016 | 32 | 55 | 13 | 61.7 |
| Oct 2016 | 29 | 55 | 16 | 57.7 |
| Sep 2016 | 33 | 54 | 13 | 60.3 |
New Orders
ISM®‘s Non-Manufacturing New Orders Index registered 61.6 percent, an increase of 4.6 percentage points from the November reading of 57 percent. December represents growth in new orders for the 89th consecutive month at a faster rate compared to November. Comments from respondents include: “Departments are trying to spend their budget money before year-end” and “New capital projects being initiated.”
The 10 industries reporting growth of new orders in December — listed in order — are: Mining; Retail Trade; Finance & Insurance; Utilities; Information; Construction; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; Accommodation & Food Services; and Other Services. The three industries reporting contraction of new orders in December are: Transportation & Warehousing; Public Administration; and Wholesale Trade.View Table Fullscreen
| New Orders | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 33 | 50 | 17 | 61.6 |
| Nov 2016 | 28 | 59 | 13 | 57.0 |
| Oct 2016 | 28 | 56 | 16 | 57.7 |
| Sep 2016 | 33 | 56 | 11 | 60.0 |
Employment
Employment activity in the non-manufacturing sector grew in December for the seventh consecutive month. ISM®‘s Non-Manufacturing Employment Index registered 53.8 percent, which reflects a decrease of 4.4 percentage points when compared to the November reading of 58.2 percent. Nine industries reported increased employment, and four industries reported decreased employment. Comments from respondents include: “We reduced our workforce in December due to missed sales forecast and revenue misses” and “Less labor hours to align with reduced business needs.”
The nine industries reporting an increase in employment in December — listed in order — are: Educational Services; Retail Trade; Finance & Insurance; Other Services; Construction; Accommodation & Food Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; and Public Administration. The four industries reporting a reduction in employment in December are: Utilities; Transportation & Warehousing; Wholesale Trade; and Information.View Table Fullscreen
| Employment | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 20 | 65 | 15 | 53.8 |
| Nov 2016 | 20 | 66 | 14 | 58.2 |
| Oct 2016 | 20 | 63 | 17 | 53.1 |
| Sep 2016 | 21 | 66 | 13 | 57.2 |
Supplier Deliveries
Supplier deliveries were slower in December for the 12th consecutive month. The index registered 52 percent, which is the same reading that was registered in November. A reading above 50 percent indicates slower deliveries, while a reading below 50 percent indicates faster deliveries. Comments from respondents include: “More availability of supplier capacity” and “[The] supply chain speeds up during holidays.”
The seven industries reporting slower deliveries in December — listed in order — are: Other Services; Transportation & Warehousing; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Wholesale Trade; Health Care & Social Assistance; Information; and Public Administration. The two industries reporting faster deliveries in December are: Retail Trade; and Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting. Nine industries reported no change in supplier deliveries in December compared to November.View Table Fullscreen
| Supplier Deliveries | %Slower | %Same | %Faster | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 10 | 84 | 6 | 52.0 |
| Nov 2016 | 7 | 90 | 3 | 52.0 |
| Oct 2016 | 7 | 87 | 6 | 50.5 |
| Sep 2016 | 6 | 90 | 4 | 51.0 |
Inventories
ISM®‘s Non-Manufacturing Inventories Index grew for the fourth consecutive month and registered 52 percent in December, which is 0.5 percentage point higher than the 51.5 percent that was reported in November. Of the total respondents in December, 32 percent indicated they do not have inventories, or do not measure them. Comments from respondents include: “Increased equipment inventory to cover current projects” and “Inventory is marginally higher than last month in anticipation of holiday activity.”
The nine industries reporting an increase in inventories in December — listed in order — are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Finance & Insurance; Mining; Utilities; Health Care & Social Assistance; Retail Trade; Accommodation & Food Services; Construction; and Public Administration. The six industries reporting decreases in inventories in December — listed in order — are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Educational Services; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Transportation & Warehousing; Wholesale Trade; and Other Services.View Table Fullscreen
| Inventories | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 21 | 62 | 17 | 52.0 |
| Nov 2016 | 22 | 59 | 19 | 51.5 |
| Oct 2016 | 23 | 58 | 19 | 52.0 |
| Sep 2016 | 21 | 61 | 18 | 51.5 |
Prices
Prices paid by non-manufacturing organizations for purchased materials and services increased in December for the ninth consecutive month. ISM®‘s Non-Manufacturing Prices Index for December registered 57 percent, 0.7 percentage point higher than the 56.3 percent reported in November. The proportion of respondents reporting higher prices is 14 percent, 77 percent indicated no change in prices paid, and 9 percent of the respondents reported lower prices.
The eight non-manufacturing industries reporting an increase in prices paid during the month of December — listed in order — are: Mining; Utilities; Wholesale Trade; Retail Trade; Public Administration; Health Care & Social Assistance; Construction; and Professional, Scientific & Technical Services. The three industries reporting a decrease in prices paid for the month of December are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Finance & Insurance; and Information. Seven industries reported no change in prices in December compared to November.View Table Fullscreen
| Prices | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 14 | 77 | 9 | 57.0 |
| Nov 2016 | 12 | 81 | 7 | 56.3 |
| Oct 2016 | 13 | 81 | 6 | 56.6 |
| Sep 2016 | 15 | 73 | 12 | 54.0 |
NOTE: Commodities reported as up in price and down in price are listed in the commodities section of this report.
Backlog of Orders
ISM®‘s Non-Manufacturing Backlog of Orders Index indicates order backlogs contracted in December after three consecutive months of growth. The index registered 48 percent, which is 3 percentage points lower than the 51 percent reported in November. Of the total respondents in December, 38 percent indicated they do not measure backlog of orders.
The four industries reporting an increase in order backlogs in December are: Finance & Insurance; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Construction; and Retail Trade. The seven industries reporting a decrease in order backlogs in December — listed in order — are: Management of Companies & Support Services; Other Services; Information; Wholesale Trade; Health Care & Social Assistance; Public Administration; and Transportation & Warehousing.View Table Fullscreen
| Backlog of Orders | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 13 | 70 | 17 | 48.0 |
| Nov 2016 | 16 | 70 | 14 | 51.0 |
| Oct 2016 | 19 | 66 | 15 | 52.0 |
| Sep 2016 | 15 | 74 | 11 | 52.0 |
New Export Orders
Orders and requests for services and other non-manufacturing activities to be provided outside of the United States by domestically based personnel grew in December for the fourth consecutive month. The New Export Orders Index for December registered 53 percent, which is 4 percentage points lower than the 57 percent reported in November. Of the total respondents in December, 67 percent indicated they either do not perform, or do not separately measure, orders for work outside of the United States.
The five industries reporting an increase in new export orders in December are: Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Mining; Construction; Accommodation & Food Services; and Wholesale Trade. The three industries reporting a decrease in new export orders in December are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Public Administration; and Other Services. Eight industries reported no change in new export orders in December compared to November.View Table Fullscreen
| New Export Orders | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 17 | 72 | 11 | 53.0 |
| Nov 2016 | 19 | 76 | 5 | 57.0 |
| Oct 2016 | 17 | 77 | 6 | 55.5 |
| Sep 2016 | 19 | 75 | 6 | 56.5 |
Imports
Imports were unchanged in December after 10 consecutive months of growth. This month’s reading at 50 percent is 4 percentage points lower than the reading of 54 percent reported in November. Fifty-six percent of respondents reported that they do not use, or do not track the use of, imported materials.
The four industries reporting an increase in imports for the month of December are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Information; Accommodation & Food Services; and Wholesale Trade. The six industries reporting a decrease in imports for the month of December — listed in order — are: Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Other Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; Construction; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; and Retail Trade. Seven industries reported no change in imports in December compared to November.View Table Fullscreen
| Imports | %Higher | %Same | %Lower | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 8 | 84 | 8 | 50.0 |
| Nov 2016 | 16 | 76 | 8 | 54.0 |
| Oct 2016 | 12 | 82 | 6 | 53.0 |
| Sep 2016 | 11 | 80 | 9 | 51.0 |
Inventory Sentiment
The ISM® Non-Manufacturing Inventory Sentiment Index in December registered 61.5 percent, which is 1 percentage point higher than the reading of 60.5 percent reported in November. This indicates that respondents believe their inventories are still too high at this time. In December, 29 percent of respondents said their inventories were too high, 6 percent said their inventories were too low, and 65 percent said their inventories were about right.
The 12 industries reporting a feeling that their inventories are too high in December — listed in order — are: Management of Companies & Support Services; Utilities; Wholesale Trade; Mining; Other Services; Information; Retail Trade; Finance & Insurance; Accommodation & Food Services; Construction; Public Administration; and Professional, Scientific & Technical Services. The three industries reporting a feeling that their inventories are too low in December are: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Transportation & Warehousing; and Health Care & Social Assistance. View Table Fullscreen
| Inventory Sentiment | %Too High | %About Right | %Too Low | Index |
| Dec 2016 | 29 | 65 | 6 | 61.5 |
| Nov 2016 | 27 | 67 | 6 | 60.5 |
| Oct 2016 | 29 | 66 | 5 | 62.0 |
| Sep 2016 | 30 | 69 | 1 | 64.5 |
About This Report
DO NOT CONFUSE THIS NATIONAL REPORT with the various regional purchasing reports released across the country. The national report’s information reflects the entire United States, while the regional reports contain primarily regional data from their local vicinities. Also, the information in the regional reports is not used in calculating the results of the national report. The information compiled in this report is for the month of December 2016.
The data presented herein is obtained from a survey of non-manufacturing supply executives based on information they have collected within their respective organizations. ISM® makes no representation, other than that stated within this release, regarding the individual company data collection procedures. The data should be compared to all other economic data sources when used in decision-making.
Data and Method of Presentation
The Non-Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business® is based on data compiled from purchasing and supply executives nationwide. Membership of the Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee is diversified by NAICS, based on each industry’s contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). The Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee responses are divided into the following NAICS code categories: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting; Mining; Utilities; Construction; Wholesale Trade; Retail Trade; Transportation & Warehousing; Information; Finance & Insurance; Real Estate, Rental & Leasing; Professional, Scientific & Technical Services; Management of Companies & Support Services; Educational Services; Health Care & Social Assistance; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; Accommodation & Food Services; Public Administration; and Other Services (services such as Equipment & Machinery Repairing; Promoting or Administering Religious Activities; Grantmaking; Advocacy; and Providing Dry-Cleaning & Laundry Services, Personal Care Services, Death Care Services, Pet Care Services, Photofinishing Services, Temporary Parking Services, and Dating Services).
Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month. For each of the indicators measured (Business Activity, New Orders, Backlog of Orders, New Export Orders, Inventory Change, Inventory Sentiment, Imports, Prices, Employment and Supplier Deliveries), this report shows the percentage reporting each response, and the diffusion index. Responses represent raw data and are never changed. Data is seasonally adjusted for Business Activity, New Orders, Prices and Employment. All seasonal adjustment factors are subject annually to relatively minor changes when conditions warrant them. The remaining indexes have not indicated significant seasonality.
The NMI® (Non-Manufacturing Index) is a composite index based on the diffusion indexes for four of the indicators with equal weights: Business Activity (seasonally adjusted), New Orders (seasonally adjusted), Employment (seasonally adjusted) and Supplier Deliveries. Diffusion indexes have the properties of leading indicators and are convenient summary measures showing the prevailing direction of change and the scope of change. An index reading above 50 percent indicates that the non-manufacturing economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates that it is generally declining. Supplier Deliveries is an exception. A Supplier Deliveries Index above 50 percent indicates slower deliveries and below 50 percent indicates faster deliveries.
An NMI® above 48.9 percent, over a period of time, indicates that the overall economy, or gross domestic product (GDP), is generally expanding; below 48.9 percent, it is generally declining. The distance from 50 percent or 48.9 percent is indicative of the strength of the expansion or decline.
The Non-Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business® survey is sent out to Non-Manufacturing Business Survey Committee respondents the first part of each month. Respondents are asked to ONLY report on information for the current month. ISM® receives survey responses throughout most of any given month, with the majority of respondents generally waiting until late in the month to submit responses in order to give the most accurate picture of current business activity. ISM® then compiles the report for release on the third business day of the following month.
The industries reporting growth, as indicated in the Non-Manufacturing ISM® Report On Business® monthly report, are listed in the order of most growth to least growth. For the industries reporting contraction or decreases, those are listed in the order of the highest level of contraction/decrease to the least level of contraction/decrease.
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Institute for Supply Management® (ISM®) serves supply management professionals in more than 90 countries. Its 48,000 members around the world manage about $1 trillion in corporate and government supply chain procurement annually. Founded in 1915 as the first supply management institute in the world, ISM is committed to advancing the practice of supply management to drive value and competitive advantage for its members, contributing to a prosperous and sustainable world. ISM leads the profession through the ISM Report On Business®, its highly regarded certification programs and the newly launched ISM Mastery Model™. This report has been issued by the association since 1931, except for a four-year interruption during World War II.
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