Central Banks Monitor
Monitor the latest developments of central banks of the largest economies in the world using MacroVar's data analytics, real-time economic calendar and central banks news monitor.
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| Country | Code | Latest % | YoY | Cycle # | Rate Trend (5 years) | Balance Sheet | B/S YoY% | B/S Trend (5 years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | US | 5,50 | 5,25 | 52 |  |
7.224.080 | -12,36 |  |
| Canada | CA | 4,75 | 4,50 | -1 | |
273.021 | -23,63 | |
| Brazil | BR | 10,50 | 13,75 | 1 | |
4.098.640.000 | 0,88 | |
| Mexico | MX | 11,00 | 11,25 | 2 | |
4.576.080.000 | 1,34 | |
| Euro Area | EA | 4,25 | 4,00 | 1 | |
6.497.700 | -9,62 | |
| Denmark | DK | 3,35 | 2,85 | -1 | |
680 | 4,96 | |
| Sweden | SE | 3,75 | 3,50 | 1 | |
1.225.400 | -13,65 | |
| Norway | NO | 4,50 | 3,25 | 48 | |
18.675.900 | 14,66 | |
| Switzerland | CH | 1,25 | 1,50 | -1 | |
843.750 | -9,34 | |
| UK | GB | 5,25 | 4,50 | 53 | |
917.270 | -2,56 | |
| Russia | RU | 16,00 | 7,50 | 19 | |
62.189.600 | 18,32 | |
| Turkey | TR | 50,00 | 15,00 | 16 | |
7.663.250.000 | 91,38 | |
| Poland | PL | 5,75 | 6,75 | 9 | |
982.224 | 6,89 | |
| Hungary | HU | 6,75 | 16,00 | 1 | |
29.481 | 10,06 | |
| Czech Republic | CZ | 4,75 | 7,00 | -2 | |
3.461.640 | 14,73 | |
| South Africa | ZA | 8,25 | 8,25 | 46 | |
1.238.950 | 6,44 | |
| Japan | JP | 0,10 | -0,10 | 104 | |
7.536.710 | 2,84 | |
| Australia | AU | 4,35 | 4,10 | 42 | |
449.342 | -27,34 | |
| New Zealand | NZ | 5,50 | 5,50 | 50 | |
84.798 | -10,24 | |
| China | CN | 3,35 | 3,55 | 1 | |
429.538 | 2,03 | |
| Hong Kong | HK | 5,75 | 5,50 | 37 | |
|
||
| India | IN | 6,50 | 6,50 | 48 | |
33.650 | 19,36 | |
| Indonesia | ID | 6,25 | 5,75 | 42 | |
|
||
| South Korea | KR | 8,25 | 8,25 | 46 | |
520.386 | -4,52 | |
| Malaysia | MY | 3,00 | 3,00 | 47 | |
632.418 | 4,10 | |
| Taiwan | TW | 2,00 | 1,88 | 7 | |
20.712.700 | 5,90 | |
| Philippines | PH | 6,50 | 6,25 | 43 | |
7.563 | 4,36 | |
| Thailand | TH | 2,50 | 2,00 | 46 | |
9.761.690 | 8,98 | |
Central Banks Calendar
tet1
| Time | Imp | Event | Country | Actual | Previous | Forecast |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23/12 03:00 | money supply m2 | Indonesia | 6.7% | |||
| 23/12 03:30 | balance of trade | Thailand | $-0.79B | |||
| 23/12 05:00 | core inflation rate | Singapore | 2.1% | |||
| 23/12 05:00 | inflation rate | Singapore | 1.4% | |||
| 23/12 06:00 | unemployment rate | Finland | 8.1% | |||
| 23/12 07:00 | industrial production | Lithuania | 2.7% | |||
| 23/12 07:00 | industrial production mom | Lithuania | -7.5% | |||
| 23/12 07:00 | unemployment rate | Norway | 4.1% | |||
| 23/12 07:00 | current account | United Kingdom | £-28.4B | £ -16.8B | ||
| 23/12 07:00 | gdp growth rate | United Kingdom | 0.5% | 0.1% | ||
| 23/12 07:00 | gdp annual growth rate | United Kingdom | 0.7% | 1.0% | ||
| 23/12 07:30 | balance of trade | Hungary | ||||
| 23/12 07:30 | current account | Hungary | €1.95B | € 0.8B | ||
| 23/12 08:00 | business confidence | Czech Republic | 97.3 | 98 | ||
| 23/12 08:00 | consumer confidence | Czech Republic | 101.6 | 94 | ||
| 23/12 08:00 | gdp growth rate | Spain | 0.8% | 0.8% | ||
| 23/12 08:00 | gdp annual growth rate | Spain | 3.2% | 3.4% | ||
| 23/12 08:00 | industrial production | Taiwan | 8.85% | |||
| 23/12 08:00 | retail sales yoy | Taiwan | -0.5% | |||
| 23/12 08:00 | unemployment rate | Taiwan | 3.38% | |||
| 23/12 09:00 | current account | Austria | €0.7B | € 1B | ||
| 23/12 09:00 | unemployment rate | Poland | 4.9% | 5.0% | ||
| 23/12 09:00 | zew economic sentiment index | Switzerland | -12.4 | -10 | ||
| 23/12 09:30 | business confidence | Slovenia | -8 | -2 | ||
| 23/12 10:30 | inflation rate | Belgium | 3.2% | 3.2% | ||
| 23/12 10:30 | producer prices change | Belgium | -1.8% | |||
| 23/12 11:00 | producer prices change | Ireland | -1.7% | |||
| 23/12 11:30 | current account | Brazil | $-5.88B | |||
| 23/12 11:30 | foreign direct investment | Brazil | $5.72B | |||
| 23/12 12:00 | balance of trade | Mexico | $0.371B | |||
| 23/12 13:00 | money supply m3 | Poland | 7.8% | |||
| 23/12 13:30 | producer prices change | Canada | 1.1% | |||
| 23/12 21:00 | consumer confidence | South Korea | 100.7 | 101 | ||
| 24/12 00:00 | building permits | United States | ||||
| 24/12 00:00 | gdp growth rate | Albania | 0.9% | |||
| 24/12 00:00 | gdp annual growth rate | Albania | 4.1% | 4.2% | ||
| 24/12 04:00 | producer prices change | Malaysia | -2.4% | -1.8% | ||
| 24/12 05:30 | gdp growth rate | Netherlands | 1% | 0.8% | ||
| 24/12 05:30 | gdp annual growth rate | Netherlands | 0.8% | 1.7% | ||
| 24/12 11:00 | balance of trade | Luxembourg | €-0.72B | |||
| 24/12 11:00 | current account | Netherlands | €24.3B | € 15.1B | ||
| 24/12 12:00 | producer prices change | Chile | 10.6% | |||
| 24/12 13:30 | durable goods orders | United States | 0.2% | |||
| 24/12 13:30 | durable goods orders ex defense | United States | 0.4% | |||
| 24/12 13:30 | durable goods orders ex transportation | United States | 0.1% | |||
| 24/12 15:00 | new home sales | United States | 0.61M | |||
| 24/12 15:00 | richmond fed manufacturing index | United States | -14 | -8 | ||
| 24/12 15:00 | richmond fed services index | United States | 9 | 7 | ||
| 24/12 16:00 | money supply m2 | United States | $23.31T | |||
| 25/12 07:00 | business confidence | Turkey | 100.4 | 102.5 | ||
| 25/12 07:00 | capacity utilization | Turkey | 76.1% | 74.0% | ||
| 25/12 11:30 | money supply m3 | India | ||||
| 25/12 16:00 | industrial production | Russia | 4.8% | |||
| 26/12 05:00 | industrial production | Singapore | 1.2% | |||
| 26/12 05:00 | industrial production mom | Singapore | 0.1% | |||
| 26/12 08:00 | producer prices change | Spain | -3.9% | |||
| 26/12 11:30 | foreign exchange reserves | Turkey | ||||
| 26/12 13:30 | continuing jobless claims | United States | ||||
| 26/12 13:30 | initial jobless claims | United States | ||||
| 26/12 19:00 | retail sales yoy | Argentina | 161% | 150.0% | ||
| 26/12 21:00 | business confidence | South Korea | 68 | 67 | ||
| 26/12 23:30 | unemployment rate | Japan | 2.5% | 2.5% | ||
| 26/12 23:50 | industrial production | Japan | 1.1% | |||
| 26/12 23:50 | industrial production mom | Japan | -0.5% | |||
| 27/12 00:00 | government budget value | Philippines | PHP6.3B | |||
| 27/12 02:00 | consumer confidence | Taiwan | 75.49 | 63 | ||
| 27/12 04:00 | industrial production | Thailand | -0.91% | |||
| 27/12 05:00 | producer prices change | Singapore | -5.3% | |||
| 27/12 06:00 | business confidence | Finland | -7 | -9 | ||
| 27/12 07:00 | retail sales yoy | Lithuania | 6.2% | |||
| 27/12 07:00 | retail sales mom | Norway | 0.2% | |||
| 27/12 08:00 | retail sales mom | Spain | 0% | |||
| 27/12 08:00 | retail sales yoy | Spain | 3.5% | |||
| 27/12 09:00 | manufacturing pmi | Austria | 44.5 | 42.5 | ||
| 27/12 09:00 | current account | China | $54.5B | $146.9B | ||
| 27/12 09:30 | retail sales mom | Slovenia | 0.8% | |||
| 27/12 09:30 | retail sales yoy | Slovenia | -0.9% | |||
| 27/12 11:00 | current account | Luxembourg | € 1500.0M | |||
| 27/12 11:00 | industrial production | Portugal | 4.4% | |||
| 27/12 11:00 | industrial production mom | Portugal | 3.1% | |||
| 27/12 11:30 | loan growth | Brazil | ||||
| 27/12 11:30 | foreign exchange reserves | India | ||||
| 27/12 12:00 | unemployment rate | Brazil | 6.2% | |||
| 27/12 16:00 | business confidence | Russia | 6.2 | |||
| 27/12 16:00 | retail sales yoy | Russia | 4.8% | |||
| 27/12 16:00 | unemployment rate | Russia | 2.3% | |||
| 27/12 23:50 | retail sales mom | Japan | 0.1% | 0.3% | ||
| 27/12 23:50 | retail sales yoy | Japan | 1.6% | 1.3% | ||
| 28/12 11:00 | gdp annual growth rate | Latvia | -1.6% | -1.5% | ||
| 28/12 11:00 | retail sales mom | Latvia | 0.5% | |||
| 28/12 11:00 | retail sales yoy | Latvia | -0.1% | |||
| 29/12 00:00 | government budget value | South Africa | ZAR-46.08B | ZAR -18.0B | ||
| 29/12 00:00 | foreign direct investment | Vietnam | $21.68B | $ 24.1B | ||
| 29/12 01:00 | producer prices change | Philippines | -1.4% | |||
| 29/12 02:00 | balance of trade | Vietnam | $1.06B | $ 2.2B | ||
| 29/12 02:00 | gdp annual growth rate | Vietnam | 7.40% | 6.5% | ||
| 29/12 02:00 | industrial production | Vietnam | 8.9% | 5.5% | ||
| 29/12 02:00 | inflation rate | Vietnam | 2.77% | 2.2% | ||
| 29/12 02:00 | retail sales yoy | Vietnam | 8.8% | 8.8% | ||
| 29/12 23:00 | industrial production | South Korea | 6.3% | 3.2% | ||
| 29/12 23:00 | industrial production mom | South Korea | 0% | 0.3% | ||
| 29/12 23:00 | retail sales mom | South Korea | -0.4% | 0.3% | ||
| 30/12 00:00 | current account | Cyprus | € -620.0M | |||
| 30/12 00:00 | government budget value | Mexico | MXN-954.7B | MXN-900.0B | ||
| 30/12 00:00 | money supply m2 | Russia | 19.5% | 19.6% | ||
| 30/12 00:30 | manufacturing pmi | Japan | 49.0 | |||
| 30/12 06:00 | consumer confidence | Finland | -7.4 | -6 | ||
| 30/12 06:00 | manufacturing pmi | Russia | 51.3 | 51.5 | ||
| 30/12 07:00 | loan growth | Sweden | 1.3% | |||
| 30/12 07:00 | current account | Thailand | $0.7B | $-0.2B | ||
| 30/12 07:30 | retail sales yoy | Thailand | 20.6% | 23.0% | ||
| 30/12 08:00 | producer prices change | Austria | -2.3% | |||
| 30/12 08:00 | business confidence | Slovakia | -1 | -0.7 | ||
| 30/12 08:00 | consumer confidence | Slovakia | -20.5 | -21.1 | ||
| 30/12 08:00 | core inflation rate | Spain | 2.4% | 2.7% | ||
| 30/12 08:00 | inflation rate | Spain | 2.4% | 2.0% | ||
| 30/12 08:00 | business confidence | Switzerland | 101.8 | 99 | ||
| 30/12 08:30 | balance of trade | Hong Kong | H$-31B | H$-29.5B | ||
| 30/12 09:00 | business confidence | Bulgaria | 15.8 | 16 | ||
| 30/12 09:00 | producer prices change | Bulgaria | -1.3% | |||
| 30/12 09:00 | money supply m3 | Czech Republic | 5.7% | |||
| 30/12 09:00 | foreign exchange reserves | Nigeria | $40.24B | $40.0B | ||
| 30/12 09:00 | current account | Spain | €4.1B | |||
| 30/12 09:30 | inflation rate | Portugal | 2.5% | 2.5% | ||
| 30/12 09:30 | inflation rate | Slovenia | 1.8% | 2.0% | ||
| 30/12 10:00 | retail sales mom | Croatia | 0.6% | |||
| 30/12 10:00 | retail sales yoy | Croatia | 6.7% | |||
| 30/12 10:00 | industrial production | Cyprus | 2.3% | |||
| 30/12 10:00 | producer prices change | Greece | -2.3% | |||
| 30/12 10:00 | unemployment rate | Portugal | 6.6% | 6.6% | ||
| 30/12 11:00 | industrial production | North Macedonia | -1.1% | 1.0% | ||
| 30/12 11:00 | retail sales yoy | North Macedonia | 2.1% | -2.0% | ||
| 30/12 11:00 | balance of trade | Serbia | $-1050.3M | |||
| 30/12 11:00 | industrial production | Serbia | 8.1% | |||
| 30/12 11:00 | retail sales yoy | Serbia | 3.4% | |||
| 30/12 11:30 | government budget value | Brazil | BRL-74.681B | BR-79.0B | ||
| 30/12 12:00 | unemployment rate | Chile | 8.6% | |||
| 30/12 14:45 | chicago pmi | United States | 40.2 | 47 | ||
| 30/12 15:30 | dallas fed manufacturing index | United States | -2.7 | |||
| 30/12 23:00 | inflation rate | South Korea | 1.5% | 2.2% |
Central Banks News
| Time | Headlines | |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-12-23 02:06 | Inflation, elections and war dominated 2024 | |
| 2024-12-23 02:00 | Jeff Bezos, Lauren Sanchez slam report of $600 million lavish Aspen wedding: ‘None of this is happening’ - Hindustan Times | |
| 2024-12-23 02:00 | 10 AI Predictions For 2025 - Forbes | |
| 2024-12-23 01:56 | Are scooter drivers to blame for messy takeout orders? | |
| 2024-12-23 01:46 | Cigna seeks mainland China partnerships as Hongkongers go north to get treatment | |
| 2024-12-23 01:45 | The New Zealand Treasury is optimistic about economic recovery, indicating that the worst is now in the past. | |
Central Bank's Role in Monetary Policy
Interest Rates
1. Policy Interest Rates
- Definition: Central banks set the policy interest rate, which is the rate at which they lend to commercial banks. This rate influences other interest rates in the economy, including those for loans and deposits.
- Mechanism: By changing the policy rate, central banks can influence economic activity.
- Lowering Interest Rates: When a central bank lowers interest rates, borrowing becomes cheaper, encouraging businesses and consumers to take loans and spend more, which can stimulate economic growth.
- Raising Interest Rates: Conversely, when the central bank raises interest rates, borrowing becomes more expensive, which can slow down spending and investment, helping to control inflation.
2. Forward Guidance
- Definition: This is a communication strategy used by central banks to influence expectations about future interest rates.
- Mechanism: By providing guidance on the future path of interest rates, central banks can shape economic expectations and behavior. For instance, if a central bank signals that rates will remain low for an extended period, it can encourage spending and investment.
Balance Sheet Operations
1. Open Market Operations (OMOs)
- Definition: These are the buying and selling of government securities in the open market to regulate the supply of money.
- Mechanism:
- Buying Securities: When a central bank buys government securities, it adds money to the banking system, increasing liquidity and encouraging lending and investment.
- Selling Securities: When it sells securities, it takes money out of circulation, reducing liquidity and potentially slowing down economic activity.
2. Quantitative Easing (QE)
- Definition: QE is a type of monetary policy where a central bank purchases longer-term securities from the open market to increase the money supply and encourage lending and investment.
- Mechanism: By buying assets such as government bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and other financial instruments, the central bank increases the reserves of banks, encouraging them to lend more. This is typically used when conventional monetary policy (like lowering interest rates) is not sufficient, especially when interest rates are already near zero.
3. Balance Sheet Composition
- Definition: The central bank’s balance sheet consists of its assets and liabilities, and the composition of these can influence monetary policy.
- Mechanism: By holding different types of assets (e.g., government bonds, mortgage-backed securities), the central bank can influence specific sectors of the economy. For example, purchasing mortgage-backed securities can specifically target the housing market.
Objectives of Using Interest Rates and Balance Sheet
1. Inflation Control
- Central banks aim to keep inflation within a target range. By adjusting interest rates and using balance sheet operations, they can influence demand in the economy, helping to control price levels.
2. Employment and Economic Growth
- Central banks also aim to achieve maximum sustainable employment. Lowering interest rates and increasing the money supply can stimulate economic growth and reduce unemployment.
3. Financial Stability
- Through their policies, central banks strive to maintain stability in the financial system. This includes managing liquidity in the banking system and ensuring that financial institutions operate smoothly.